The sodium theory revisited

About the Book

The sodium theory revisited (45 years of a full time CNRS neurophysiologist). The sodium theory has been elegantly proposed by Hodkin, Huxley and Katz in the early fifties, after their experiments on Plymouth squids, to account for the role of sodium and potassium ions in nerve activity. Since then, the electrophysiological techniques and the data acquisition techniques have known an amazing development. In this short paper, Yves Pichon wants to give an account of what happened since then in different laboratories (mostly marine) with a variety invertebrate species and mostly insects. One of the most important technical development has been the use of single cockroach axons which have been found to behave very much like squid axons. Another, almost simultaneous development which revealed extremely useful for the understanding of the nerve function was “in situ” microelectrode recording which enables an indirect analysis of the extraaxonal environement. Experiments on several species indicate that the CNS is protected from the ionic environment by a blood-brain barrier. On the other hand, quite unexpectedly, little ion accumation is detected in the vicinity of the axonal membrane in physiological conditions. Another innovating technique was the 'patch-clamp' technique which enables the recording of the activity of individual ionic channels in cultured neurones. The last chapter of this report is devoted to different mechansims leading to repetitive activity through modificatrion of the sodium and potassium axonal conductances.

About the Author

Yves Pichon was born in Brittany before WW2 and obtained his Degrees (biology) from the University of Rennes. During his first year at University, he has been fascinated by the experiments of Hodgkin and Huxley on squid axons (1956 , Croonian Lecture, ) and their formulation of the ionic theory of nerve function. Since then, first as technician, then as full time resarcher at the CNRS (Paris), Yves has spent 45 years in several Laboratories, (Rennes, Gif sur Yvette, Cambridge, Plymouth, WoodsHole) to elucidate the various functions of ions (mostly Na+ and K+) in the nervous system of invertebrates. He has published numerous paper, edited several books and organized several international meetings, the last one in Rennes (2004), was entitled «Ion channels: from biophysics to disorders» and is published in the European biophysical Journal. In the present short report the author illustrates the main findings of his research in which he has combined many innovating electrophysiological techniques and sophisticated computer programs.